¸ð¸®Å¸´Ï¾ÆÀÇ Ç®¶ó ¸¶½Ã³ª(Fula Macina)
Mauritania lies almost entirely in the Sahara Desert. The only exception is a narrow strip in the south along the Sénégal River. It is there that the Fula Macina are located. The majority of the population consists of Moors with a mixed Arab and Berber ancestry, many of whom live as nomads. About 30% of the people are black African farmers who live in the Sénégal Valley. Islam, the state religion of Mauritania, is professed by more than 99% of the people. Arabic is the official language, and Pulaar, Wolof, and Soninke are recognized as national languages. »îÀÇ ¸ð½À The Fula make a living primarily as farmers and herdsmen. The staple crops are millet, rice, and peanuts. Cattle are the main type of livestock kept, but sheep and goats are also raised. Herding cattle is usually a male activity, although the women milk and help take care of the cattle. The women also tend to the small livestock and poultry, cultivate gardens, and carry containers of milk and cheese to the local markets for sale or trade. Although Fula Macina villages are scattered, each village has a central court and a mosque. Together, these compose a "miside", or community. Each miside has a headman who handles village affairs and answers to a chief. Houses belonging to the settled Fula Macina are typically round with mud walls and thatched roofs. Each hut has an encircling veranda. The nomadic Fula Macina live in open, beehive-shaped huts with no walls or verandas. Each hut is surrounded by a cattle corral. Daughters remain with their mothers until they marry. However, as soon as a son reaches puberty, he leaves the family compound and lives alone in a nearby compound, usually with some cattle. This new compound will become the home of the son and his future wife. The first marriage of a man is usually arranged by the man's father. A bride-service of helping the girl's father with his livestock is performed by the man, who usually marries while he is in his early twenties. Polygyny (the practice of having more than one wife) is common, up to the Muslim limit of four wives. There is one chief wife, however, who has authority over the other wives. Children belong to "age-sets" until they marry. An age-set occurs at three or four year intervals, with every child born in those years belonging to that set. The children in an age-set go to school together and often work together. When the time for marriage arrives, they may even help one another with the bride-service. Within each age-set are a leader, a deputy, and a judge. ½Å¾Ó The Fula Macina in Mauritania are 99% Muslim of the Malikite branch. As Muslims, they follow the teachings of the Koran, Islam's holy book. They believe that Allah is the only god and that Mohammed is his prophet. To teach their children the Muslim faith, some of the Fula Macina villages have established Islamic schools. ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â °Íµé The Fula Macina of Mauritania have the New Testament, the "Jesus" film, and Christian broadcasts available in their own language. In addition, there is one missions agency currently targeting them. This large effort to evangelize these people, however, has resulted in only a very small number of Fula Macina believers (approximately 1%). Apparently, they are very devoted to Islam and view it as a fulfillment of their needs. To win these precious people to Christ, further prayer is needed so that their hearts and eyes will be opened to the Truth. ±âµµÁ¦¸ñ
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