In the 18th century, Islam in the Sub-continent was faced with menarcing problems. In response, an era of religious regeneration was inaugurate, led by the activities of Shah Wali Ullah. These activities transformed into educational reform movements, which continued till the emergence of Pakistan.

	A representative of the British East India Company negotiating a deal with a local Indian trader

		The British had arrived in the Sub-continent some two centuries earlier.
		Haji Shariatullah Faraizi movement

In 1614 AD, the British East India Company opened it's first office in Bombay. The British continued to seek concessions from the Mughal rulers and enjoyed unique trading monopoly. By the middle of the 18th century, they had become deeply enmeshed in the politics of India.

After the battle of Plassey in 1757 AD, where they conspired with Hindu traders against Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal, they began the systematic conquest of the Sub-continent.

. .