In the mid-eleventh century, Iran was conquered by the Seljuk Turks under Togrul Beg. During the next four centuries, it was successively dominated by the Seljuks, the Mongols under Genghis Khan, Tamerlane and his Mongol hordes, and the Turkmen, resulting in a melting pot of ethnic groups. The Semnani, like most Iranians, speak an Indo-Iranian language (also called Semnani), but many are also fluent in Farsi.

What Are Their Lives Like
The origin of the Semnani is unclear, and little is known about their specific lifestyle. It is assumed, however, that they are primarily herdsmen. More than half of Iran is either rugged terrain or wasteland, most of which is uninhabitable salt deserts. About one-tenth of the country is suitable for farming, and another one-fourth is suitable for grazing. Nearly one-third of the agricultural land area is irrigated, mostly in the hilly margins between desert and mountains.

Health conditions outside the capital are poor. Many small towns and rural areas suffer from unsanitary conditions and a shortage of medical personnel and facilities. Contagious diseases such as scarlet fever, whooping cough, pulmonary tuberculosis, and typhoid fever are prevalent. The infant mortality rate is a serious problem; it is very high by both international and Middle Eastern standards. Life expectancy is about 65 years for both sexes.

Although five years of primary education is compulsory in Iran, many rural children never attend school because of either parental objection or a lack of facilities. The secondary school system is relatively undeveloped, and it serves mainly to prepare small numbers of students for university-level education. The illiteracy rate in the country is high and compares poorly even to that of other Middle Eastern countries.

The culture of Iran is heavily influenced by the Muslim religion, as is evident in the art, literature, and social structure of the country. After the 1979 revolution, the Shi'ite clergy led a drive for renewed Muslim practices. Women were ordered to return to more traditional roles, movie theaters were closed, and radio stations were prohibited from broadcasting music. The segregation of men and women at social functions was re-instituted. Many women again wore the traditional chador, a long black cloth that is draped over the head and body.

What Are Their Belief?
The border of Iran is inhabited by ethnic minorities, who at times have been perceived to hold greater allegiance to their individual ethnic groups than to the national government. Arabs can be found in the southwest. The Baluchi in the southeast, the Turkmen in the northeast, and the Kurds in the west are all Sunni Muslims. Although the Azeri are Shi'ites, they have come into conflict with the politically active Iranian Shi'ite clergy. However, at other times they have found common cause with them.

The official religion of Iran is the Shi'ite branch of Islam, which is followed by more than 95% of the population. Some of the most sacred Shi'ite places are in Iran; the city of Qom (Qum), south of Teheran, is a noted place of pilgrimage.

What Are Their Needs?
The Semnani are virtually 100% Muslim. They do have the Bible available to them in their own language, but there are no missions agencies currently targeting them. Iran remains closed to traditional missionary work. Only sustained intercession can open the doors of this Muslim nation to the Gospel.

• Pray that the doors of Iran will soon be opened to the preaching of the Gospel.
• Ask God to open the spiritual ears of the Semnani as they listen to Christian broadcasts in their own language.
• Pray that many copies of the Bible written in Semnani will be distributed among them.
• Ask the Lord Jesus to reveal Himself to the Semnani through dreams and visions.
• Pray that God will powerfully anoint the efforts of the few Semnani believers as they share Christ with their families and friends.
• Take authority over the spiritual principalities and powers that are keeping the Semnani bound.
• Ask God to raise up faithful intercessors who will stand in the gap for the Semnani.
• Pray that strong local churches will be planted among the Semnani by the year 2000.

THE PEOPLE

• People name: Semnani
• Country: Iran
• Their language: Semnani
• Population: (1990) 17,700
  (1995) 20,200
  (2000) 22,400
• Largest religion: Muslim 99.9%
• Christian: <1%
• Church members: 6
• Scriptures in their own language: Bible
• Jesus Film in their own language: None
• Christian broadcasts in their own language: Available
• Mission agencies working among this people: 0
• Persons who have heard the Gospel: 3,800 (19%) Those evangelized by local Christians: 600 (4%)
  Those evangelized from the outside: 3,200 (15%)
• Persons who have never heard the Gospel: 16,400 (81%)

• Country: Iran
• Population: (1990) 58,946,300
  (1995) 67,283,200
  (2000) 74,643,600
• Major peoples in size order: Persian 35.7%
  Azerbaijani 15.6%
  Luri 7.1%
  Iranian Kurd 6%
  Southern Kurd 4.5%
• Major religions: Muslims 98.7%
  Bahai's 0.6%
  Christians 0.5%
• Number of denominations: 26