After the defeat of Huns by Sassanians and Turks in 565 AD, the area was mostly left to be ruled by small Hindu kingdoms, with the Turki Shahi rulers controlling the area till Gandhara from Afghanistan, and the raja of Kashmir ruling northern Punjab, and the areas east of the Indus. Buddhism's decline continued as more people were converted to Brahman Hindus.

Overthrowing the Turki Shahis, the Central Asian Hindu Shahis ruled from 870 AD till the year 1008 AD. With their capital estalished at Hund on the Indus, their rule extended from Jalalabad in Afganistan to Multan, and covered as far north as Kashmir.

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