It is said that the Mon Khmer-speaking tribes were the original settlers of this region. However, they were pushed out of the best lands in the early centuries A.D. by Thai-speaking peoples. About 400 years ago, the Thai-speakers forced the So to leave their homes and re-settle on the banks of the Mekong River. They gradually adapted to the lifestyles of the Thai and the Lao. In recent years, Laos has been the location of numerous battles. It has also been the object of political competition among China, Russia, and Vietnam. Recurring warfare and forced relocation has disrupted the lives of the So.

What Are Their Lives Like?
The So of Laos are primarily farmers. They cultivate a wide variety of crops, such as rice, fruit, and vegetables, for both consumption and trade. They are poorer than most of the surrounding ethnic groups and are therefore dependent on the Lao for many goods and services. The villagers also frequently meet with the Thai to trade meat and vegetables for necessary items such as clothing and salt.

Over the years, the So began adopting the practices of the surrounding peoples, especially the Thai and Lao. This brought on many significant changes within their culture. For example, they no longer use their traditional farming methods of burning and clearing plots. Instead, they grow wet-rice on terraced plots, which is the agricultural method of the Thai. They also raise their cattle and till their fields much like the Lao. The fields are prepared with plows drawn by buffalo or oxen. In addition, fishing and hunting have become important activities.

Such things as traditional dress, language, educational methods, housing, and public administration have also changed over the years. Only a few distinctive, cultural characteristics have remained, such as the silk scarves worn by the So women around a bun of hair at their necks.

Among the So, the village is considered the most significant political unit of society. Each village is led by a headman, and each family is led by the father. A young married couple may live with the bride's family until they are able to establish their own home. The So typically live in thatch roof bamboo houses built on stilts. They are not known to be clean people, but rather dirty and disorderly.

What Are Their Beliefs?
Buddhism was introduced into Thailand in 329 B.C.; and today, 70% of the So profess to be Buddhist. However, most of them have mixed elements of Buddhism with their traditional animistic beliefs (belief that non-living objects have spirits). They often seek help through supernatural spirits and objects. Ancestor worship (praying to deceased ancestors for provision and guidance) is also common. The ancestral spirits are thought to cause illnesses if they are not appeased. Families usually have small altars near their homes where sacrifices and offerings are made to the spirits. The people also believe that each village has a "guardian spirit," as well as various spirits that are linked to the elements of nature.

What Are Their Needs?
The area where the So live is often affected by destructive floods. Due to the crop losses in 1996, there is a projected food shortage that will greatly affect the rural population. Food aid and basic relief items are needed.

Many of the fields in this area are laden with cluster bomblets that were dropped by U.S. warplanes during Vietnam War. The villagers need God's protection over them as they work daily in the fields. Medical help, especially with prosthesis and physical therapy, is needed. Perhaps these needs will provide opportunities for Christian medical missionaries to gain access to the So.

• Pray that God will give the missions agencies in Laos fresh strategies for reaching the So with the Gospel.
• Ask the Lord to call Christian medical teams and humanitarian aid workers to go to Laos and live among the So.
• Pray that God will protect the So from the destructive floods in their region.
• Ask God to strengthen, encourage, and protect the few known So Christians.
• Pray that the So believers will have opportunities to share the Gospel with their own people.
• Take authority over the spiritual principalities and powers that have kept the So bound for many generations.
• Ask God to call forth prayer teams who will begin breaking up the soil through worship and intercession.
• Ask the Lord to raise up strong local churches among the So by the year 2000.

See also the following Group:
The So of Thailand

THE PEOPLE

• People name: So
• Country: Laos
• Their language: So (Kah So)
• Population: (1990) 91,200
  (1995) 106,000
  (2000) 121,600
• Largest religion: Buddhist 70%
  Ethnic religionist 29.8%
• Christians: <1%
• Church members: 212
• Scriptures in their own language: Portions
• Jesus Film in their own language: None
• Christian broadcasts in their own language: None
• Mission agencies working among this people: 3
• Persons who have heard the Gospel: 25,600 (25%) Those evangelized by local Christians: 5,500 (6%)
  Those evangelized from the outside: 20,100 (19%)
• Persons who have never heard the Gospel: 80,400 (75%)

• Country: Laos
• Population: (1990) 4,201,700
  (1995) 4,881,800
  (2000) 5,602,200
• Major peoples in size order: Lao 53%
  Khmu 7.5%
  Chinese Shan 2.6%
  Phu Tai 2.5%
  So 2.1%
• Major religions: Buddhist 58%
  Ethnic religionist 32.5%
  Nonreligious 4.7%
• Number of denominations: 8