The Kurds arrived in Kurdistan during the 1500's and were used by the Persian shahs to guard their eastern border. In the second half of the 1700's, the Kurds slowly moved westward as far as present-day Azerbaijan. During this expansion, Kurdish villages were established throughout the region. Today, there are a number of compact Kurd settlements in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. Most of those in Kazakhstan live in small Kurdish communities in Tchimkent, Jamboul, and around Almaty.

What are their lives like?
Traditionally, the Kurd of Kazakhstan were nomads; however, the arrival of Soviet rule drastically altered their lives. The nomads were permanently settled and gradually transformed into agricultural wage laborers. Shortly afterwards, their children began to go to school. As frontiers were closed, all ties that had previously linked them with their brothers in Kurdistan were broken.

The Kurd were hard workers on the Soviet collective (community) farms, but they also had their own herds and allotments of land. Even before glasnost (openness) within the Soviet Union, there was a measure of cultural freedom for the Kurd. Because they were a small minority, they posed little threat.

The Soviet Kurd are among the most prosperous citizens of the former USSR. This is especially noticeable in the quality of their dwellings, which are modern houses made of stone or brick, usually equipped with central heating, and sometimes having telephones. Villages tend to have broad well-lit streets, linked to the cities by fairly good roads. They have their own schools, school books, a printing press, and various social comforts.

Glasnost and the subsequent independence of the republics have contributed to an overall revival of Kurdish identity and expression. There is a recognition of the repression that occurred during Stalin's rule, and a re-awakened national awareness. As a result, many former USSR citizens are declaring themselves to be Kurds, as they rediscover their ethnic origin.

What are their beliefs?
Nearly all Kurds are Muslim, having embraced Islam in the seventh century A.D. following the Arab conquests. Most of them belong to the Sunni, or more orthodox, branch of their religion. However, most of the Kurd in Kazakhstan are Shi'ites, practicing the more individualistic form of Islam.

The Kurd keep the five essential duties of all Muslims: affirming that Allah is the only god, and Mohammed is his prophet; praying five times daily; giving alms; fasting during Ramadan; and making a pilgrimage to Mecca. Nevertheless, there are still traces of an earlier, pagan faith that occasionally surface among the Kurd, especially in the rural areas. Some people there still believe in jinnis (tiny, human-like evil spirits) and demons. Elements of animal worship can also be found.

Until recently, mullahs (trained Muslims holding official posts) acted as village witch doctors, performing ceremonies and reciting spells to drive out madness or to cure sickness.

What are their needs?
The Kurd of Kazakhstan have some Christian resources available to them. Both the New Testament and the Jesus film have been translated into Kurmanji, their native language. However, no missions agencies are working among them at this time.

The Kurd have long been a people in search of national identity. They need to know that their true identity can only be found in Jesus. Prayer for their spiritual eyes to be opened is critical if they are to find salvation.

Prayer Points

• Ask the Lord of the harvest to send forth laborers to work among the Kurd of Kazakhstan.
• Pray for effectiveness of the Jesus film among the Kurd, with many conversions resulting.
• Pray for the remainder of the Bible to be translated into Kurmanji.
• Ask the Lord to save key leaders among the Kurd who will boldly declare the Gospel.
• Pray that the Kurd will hunger to know Jesus and that they will find their true identity in Him.
• Take authority over the spiritual principalities and powers that have kept the Kurd bound for many generations.
• Ask the Lord to raise up prayer teams who will begin breaking up the spiritual soil of Kazakhstan through worship and intercession.
• Pray that strong local churches will be raised up among the Kurd by the year 2000.

See also profiles on the following Kurd groups: The Alveica of Turkey; The Dimili of Turkey; The Herki of Turkey, Iran and Iraq; The Kurd of Afghanistan, and Kyrgyzstan: The Northern Kurd of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Turkey and Armenia; The Southern Kurd of Iraq and Iran; the Western Kurd of Syria; and the Shikaki of Turkey.

THE PEOPLE

• People name: Kurd
• Country: Kazakstan
• Their language: Kurmanji
• Population: (1990) 25,700
  (1995) 26,400
  (2000) 27,300
• Largest religion: Muslim (Shia) 60%
  Muslim (Yazidi) 20%
  Nonreligious 19.9%
• Christians: <1%
• Church members: 26
• Scriptures in their own language: New Testament
• Jesus Film in their own language: Available
• Christian broadcasts in their own language: None
• Mission agencies working among this people: 0
• Persons who have heard the Gospel: 7,700 (30%) Those evangelized by local Christians: 1,300 (5%)
  Those evangelized from the outside: 6,400 (25%)
• Persons who have never heard the Gospel: 18,700 (70%)

• Country: Kazakstan
• Population: (1990) 16,669,700
  (1995) 17,111,100
  (2000) 17,694,000
• Major peoples in size order: Kazak 39.7%
  Russian 37.8%
  Ukrainian 5.4%
  German 5.2%
  Uzbek 2%
• Major religions: Muslim 45.4%
  Christian 24.4%
  Nonreligious 18.4%
• Number of denominations: 23